Medicalodges Butler
103 East Nursery, Butler, MO 64730 · Bates County · (660) 679-3179
105 certified beds, about 59 residents a day · For profit - Corporation · Medicare and Medicaid since 1994
CMS Care Compare ratings, data as of September 1, 2026 · CCN 265564 · See it on Medicare.gov · Compare with other homes
The record in brief
At its most recent standard inspection, on September 5, 2025, inspectors cited 7 health deficiencies (the Missouri average is 11.4, the national average 9.2).
None of its 16 health citations since July 2022 was rated as actual harm or immediate jeopardy.
CMS lists no fines against this home in the last three years.
Nurses and nurse aides worked 4.14 hours per resident per day, against 3.43 across Missouri and 3.86 nationally. Registered nurses accounted for 0.49 of those hours.
25.0% of nursing staff left within the year CMS measured (Missouri average 56.0%).
CMS links it to Medicalodges, Inc., an affiliated group of 18 nursing homes.
Health inspections
Federal rules call for a standard inspection at least every 15 months, plus a visit whenever a complaint is filed. Each mark below is one citation, colored by how serious inspectors rated it. How to read a citation.
Under each citation, the quoted text is the inspector's own summary from the federal statement of deficiencies (CMS form 2567), word for word apart from a privacy scrub; CMS removes residents' and staff names before it publishes the text. The full notes are on Medicare.gov.
Where its citations fall on CMS's grid
CMS rates every citation by how much harm it caused (rows) and how many residents it touched (columns). The count in each box is this home's, across all 16 health citations on file.
September 5, 2025Standard inspection · 7 citations
- E Have enough outside ventilation via a window or mechanical ventilation, or both.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation and interview, the facility failed to maintain required negative airflow in the following areas: The South Hall Soiled Utility Room, resident rooms 132, 130 and 128. This practice potentially affected at least 10 residents who resided on the [NAME] Short Hall where the South soiled utility room was located and rooms on the South Hall. The facility census was 65 residents.**Note: Air flow was tested by holding one piece of tissue paper to the ceiling vent. If the paper was drawn to the vent, then negative air flow was present; if the paper fell, then negative airflow was absent. Observations on 9/4/25 with the Maintenance Supervisor showed:-At 11:53 A.M., there was the absence of negative airflow in the South side soiled utility room. [...]
- E Make sure there is a pest control program to prevent/deal with mice, insects, or other pests.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation and interview, the facility failed to maintain the attic areas over the short [NAME] Hall, and the attic area over the South Hall free from openings that could allow pests into the attic areas and failed to maintain those attic areas free from numerous animal droppings (the waste product of animals). This practice potentially affected 17 residents who resided on or used those halls. The facility census was 65 residents.1. Observation on 9/3/25 at 12:34 P.M., with the Maintenance Supervisor, showed a 15 inch (in.) long by 1 in. wide opening along the outer wall of the attic above the short [NAME] Hall along with numerous amounts of animal droppings in that attic area. Observation on 9/3/25 at 12:46 P.M., with the Maintenance Supervisor showed a 15 in. long by 3 in. [...]
- D Allow resident to participate in the development and implementation of his or her person-centered plan of care.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to invite two residents (Resident #7 and Resident #55) to care plan meetings out of 16 sampled residents. The facility census was 63 residents. A policy was requested from the facility for care plan meetings and was not provided. Review of the undated Care Plan Invitation Form showed:-A place for the residents' name.-Three boxes in which one would be checked for if the person invited would be:-Attending in person.-Join in by telephone.-If neither the resident, nor family member would be in attendance. 1. Review of Resident #7's admission record showed the resident was admitted to the facility on [DATE]. [...]
- D Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure a prompt resolution to a grievance filed by one sampled resident (Resident #55) out of 16 sampled residents. The facility census was 65 residents. Review of the facility's policy titled Grievances dated June 2019 showed:-The facility created the policy to ensure the prompt resolution of grievances.-Grievances may include those with respect to care and treatment, behavior of staff and other residents, and any other concerns a resident may have.-Residents and others could expect contact from the facility's Grievance Officer typically within seven to ten days following the voicing of a grievance.-There was not specific time frame in the policy related to the timing of the resolution of the grievance.1. [...]
- D Provide the required documentation or notification related to the resident's needs, appeal rights, or bed-hold policies.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to notify the Ombudsman of a planned discharge for one resident (Resident #77) out of 16 sampled residents and three closed records. The facility census was 63 residents. A policy was requested from the facility for Ombudsman notification and was not provided. 1. Review of Resident #77's admission record showed the resident was admitted to the facility on [DATE]. Review of the resident's care plan dated 7/12/25 showed:-The resident was admitted for skilled nursing services for a fall with a fractured hip.-The plan was to discharge home. Review of the resident's Progress notes dated 7/18/25 showed:-The resident was discharged home.-The resident was alert and oriented and able to make decisions. -The resident was safe to discharge home. [...]
- D Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation, interview and record review, the facility failed to identify and direct the care of one sampled resident's (Resident #38) cardiac pacemaker (a small battery-operated device surgically implanted in the body to deliver electrical pulses to help the heartbeat at a normal rate and rhythm), and failed to develop a policy to direct staff responsibilities involved in the care of residents with pacemakers and/or implanted medical devices out of 16 sampled residents. The facility census was 65 residents. A pacemaker policy was requested and not received. 1. Record review of Resident #38's hospital referral information, page nine of six, dated 6/10/25 showed a past surgical history of pacemaker implantation. [...]
- D Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.
Inspectors wroteBased on observations, interviews, and record review, the facility failed to follow a Registered Dietician (RD) supplement recommendation for one sampled resident (Resident #65) out of 16 sampled residents. The facility census was 65 residents. [...]
June 5, 2025Complaint inspection · 1 citation
- D Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to administer the correct insulin Lantus (a long acting insulin)10 units but instead gave the resident Novalog (fast acting insulin) 10 units at 8:00 P.M., to one sampled resident (Resident # 1) out of three sampled residents. The facility census was 68 residents. On 6/5/25 the Administrator and acting Director of Nursing (DON) were notified of past non-compliance which occurred on 3/7/25. On 3/8/25 the facility administrator was notified of the incident by Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) A and the investigation was started. LPN A was educated on 3/8/25 and was given a written warning on 3/10/25. Employee education started on 3/8/25 before the start of there shift and finished on 4/3/25. The deficiency was corrected on 3/8/25. Review of the facility's policy Medication Administration General Guidelines dated 1/25 showed: [...]
March 29, 2024Standard inspection · 6 citations
- F Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation and interview, the facility failed to remove dust and food debris from under the reach-in refrigerators at the back of the kitchen; failed to maintain the gasket (a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects) in the door to the white upright freezer in good repair; failed to remove a buildup of dust from the sprinkler heads over the 3 compartment sink, the sprinkler heads and pipes over the automated toaster and ice maker machine; and failed to remove debris from the spray wand of the automated dishwasher. This practice potentially affected all residents in the facility. The facility census was 70 residents. 1. Observations on 3/25/24 from 9:18 A.M. through 9:38 A.M., during the initial kitchen tour, showed: [...]
- E Notify each resident of certain balances and convey resident funds upon discharge, eviction, or death.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure a Third Party Liability (TPL- a form that is used by nursing homes to present a complete account of all the resident's remaining personal funds after a resident passed away) form was completed and submitted to MO Health Net within 30 days of death for three deceased residents (Residents #219, #220, and #221); and the facility failed to ensure a check with the remaining funds was submitted within 5 days of discharge for one discharged resident (Resident #218. This practice potentially affected four discharged residents. The facility census was 70 residents. 1. Review of Resident #219's resident fund information showed: - The resident passed away on [DATE]; at the time of the resident trust review, it had been 36 days since the resident's death. - The resident had $200.11 in his/her account when he/she passed away. [...]
- E Have enough outside ventilation via a window or mechanical ventilation, or both.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation and interview, the facility failed to ensure there was negative airflow as required in the soiled utility room close to the South Hall and in the restrooms of the following resident rooms: 123, 122, 102, and the restrooms of shared rooms of 30/28, 31/33, 29/27, 19/21, 16/14, 15/17, 12/10 and 13/11. This practice potentially affected at least 20 residents who resided in or used those areas. The facility census was 70 residents. **Note: Air flow was tested by holding one piece of tissue paper to the ceiling vent. If the paper was drawn up then negative air flow was present; if the paper was not drawn to the ceiling vent, then negative airflow was absent. 1. Observation with the Maintenance Director on 3/26/24, showed: - At 12:09 P.M., there was not any negative airflow in the soiled utility room close to the south nurse's station. [...]
- E Make sure there is a pest control program to prevent/deal with mice, insects, or other pests.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation and interview, the facility failed to maintain the East hall attic area free of openings that could let in potential pests, and failed to maintain that attic area free of debris that indicated evidence of pests; failed to maintain the South hall attic area free of hay/straw which indicated the presence of pests and failed to maintain the tat area over the dementia unit free of pests which were once in that attic as evidenced by animal droppings and the presence of feathers. This practice potentially affected 40 residents who resided in or used those areas. The facility census was 70 residents. 1. Observation on 3/26/24 at 9:19 A.M., with the Maintenance Director of the East attic area showed: - Two openings at the outer wall end of the attic where the screen was not properly sealed against the entrance of pests. - The presence of some type of nest. 2. [...]
- D Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation, interview and record review, the facility failed to update the intervention for the continued use of a knee brace for one sampled resident (Resident #2); to update the care plan with new interventions as needed; and to ensure the fall care plan was implemented for one sampled resident (Resident #41) who fell after being left alone in the dining room and did not have on proper footwear out of 18 total sampled residents. The facility census was 70 residents. Review of the facility's Falls Management policy revised 12/22/22 showed: -The fall assessment should be completed upon admission, quarterly, with a significant change and each fall occurrence. -If identified risk is present the interventions should be communicated to facility staff on the care plan. -After a fall occurs the licensed nurse would initiate a risk management event reporting process to include: [...]
- D Provide care or services that was trauma informed and/or culturally competent.
Inspectors wroteBased on interview and record review, the facility failed to identify, assess and provide supportive interventions for one sampled resident (Resident #63), with a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD - a mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event - either experiencing it or witnessing it; symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event), out of 18 sampled residents. The facility census was 70 residents. Review of Trauma-Informed Care Implementation Center (https://www.traumainformedcare.chcs.org/what-is-trauma-informed-care/) copyright 2021 showed: [...]
July 1, 2022Standard inspection · 2 citations
- F Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation, interview, and record review, the facility failed to meet the requirements for a comprehensive, facility-specific infection prevention and control program designed to help prevent the development and transmission of water-borne pathogens (a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease), in accordance with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines. This deficient practice had the potential to affect all residents, visitors, volunteers, and staff who reside, visit, use, or work in the facility. The facility census was 68 with a licensed capacity for 110. 1. [...]
- E Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
Inspectors wroteBased on observation, interview, and record review, the facility failed to keep the kitchen and the dry storage floors clean; to retain operable thermometers in all refrigerators/freezers to confirm adequate temperature ranges; to maintain sanitary utensils and food preparation equipment; to maintain plastic cutting boards to avoid food safety hazards; to follow correct hair hygiene practices; and to separate damaged foodstuffs. These deficient practices potentially affected all residents, visitors, volunteers, or staff who ate food from the kitchen. The facility's census was 68 residents with a licensed capacity for 110 residents. 1. Observations during the initial kitchen inspection on 6/27/22 between 10:01 A.M. and 12:38 P.M. showed the following: [...]
Fire safety inspections
33 fire safety citations on file: 8 on September 5, 2025, 15 on March 29, 2024, 10 on July 1, 2022.
Every fire safety citation33 citations
- F Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems.
- E Use approved construction type or materials.
- E Install proper backup exit lighting.
- E Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system.
- E Provide properly protected cooking facilities.
- E Meet requirements for the use of electrical equipment.
- E Have proper medical gas storage and administration areas.
- D Meet other general requirements that are deficient.
- F Address subsistence needs for staff and patients.
- F Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems.
- F Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds.
- E Meet other general requirements.
- E Have ramps, exits, fire escape ladders, steps, and areas of refuge that meet safety requirements.
- E Have exits that are accessible at all times.
- E Install proper backup exit lighting.
- E Meet other general requirements that are deficient.
- E Provide properly protected cooking facilities.
- E Ensure smoke barriers are constructed to a 1 hour fire resistance rating.
- E Install properly constructed and protected linen or trash chutes.
- E To conduct inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors by qualified individuals.
- D Have properly located and lighted "Exit" signs.
- D Ensure that special areas are constructed so that walls can resist fire for one hour or have an approved fire extinguishing system.
- D Have properly installed hallway dispensers for alcohol-based hand rub.
- F Establish an Emergency Preparedness Program (EP).
- F Provide a written emergency evacuation plan.
- F Have simulated fire drills held at unexpected times.
- F To conduct inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors by qualified individuals.
- F Ensure receptacles at patient bed locations and where general anesthesia is administered, are tested after initial installation, replacement or servicing.
- F Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds.
- E Provide exit doors that are held open by devices that will automatically close on the activation of a fire alarm or smoke detector.
- E Meet other general requirements that are deficient.
- E Install a fire alarm system that can be heard throughout the facility.
- E Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems.
Fines and payment denials
CMS lists no fines or payment denials against this home in the last three years. The national average is 0.9 fines per home.
Staffing
Hours of care per resident per day, from the payroll records every home sends CMS. Higher means more staff time with each resident.
| Measure | This home | Missouri | United States |
|---|---|---|---|
| All nursing staff (RN, LPN and aides) | 4.14 | 3.43 | 3.86 |
| Registered nurses | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.69 |
| All nursing staff on weekends | 3.54 | 3.01 | 3.42 |
| Nurse aides | 2.67 | ||
| Licensed practical nurses | 0.98 | ||
| Nursing staff turnover (share who left in a year) | 25.0% | 56.0% | 45.8% |
| Registered nurse turnover | 28.6% | 47.8% | 42.9% |
| Administrators who left | 0 |
CMS expects 3.19 hours a day for residents as sick as this home's (its case-mix figure). The staffing star compares the two.
Staffing by quarter, from daily payroll records
Every nursing home sends CMS its staff hours for each day (the Payroll Based Journal). Here they are added up by quarter. The latest quarter is the one behind the figures above. In January to March 2026, nursing staff hours per resident were 4.38 on weekdays and 3.54 on weekends, 19% lower on weekends (nationally, weekends ran 15% lower). Contract or agency staff worked 0.0% of nursing hours, against 5.3% nationally. Total nursing hours per resident went from 3.91 in April to June 2025 to 4.14 in January to March 2026.
| Quarter | All nursing staff | Registered nurses | Weekdays | Weekends | Contract staff share | Days with no RN hours | Residents a day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan to Mar 2026 | 4.14 | 0.49 | 4.38 | 3.54 | 0.0% | 0 of 90 | 59 |
| Oct to Dec 2025 | 3.88 | 0.48 | 4.07 | 3.38 | 0.0% | 0 of 92 | 62 |
| Jul to Sep 2025 | 3.81 | 0.60 | 4.03 | 3.27 | 0.0% | 0 of 92 | 65 |
| Apr to Jun 2025 | 3.91 | 0.52 | 4.17 | 3.27 | 0.0% | 2 of 91 | 65 |
| United States, Jan to Mar 2026 | 3.75 | 0.62 | 3.92 | 3.33 | 5.3% | 0.5% of days | |
| Missouri, Jan to Mar 2026 | 3.34 | 0.40 | 3.50 | 2.93 | 3.9% | 1.1% of days |
Hours per resident per day: staff hours in the quarter divided by resident days (the daily census CMS derives from resident assessments). Registered nurses include the director of nursing and RNs with administrative duties; aides include nurse aides in training and medication aides, as in CMS's own staffing measure. How these are calculated.
Quality measures
The measures CMS uses for the quality star. Lower is better for every one of them.
| Measure | This home | Missouri | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of long-stay residents whose need for help with daily activities has increased Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 8.4 | 18.1 | 13.9 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with a catheter inserted and left in their bladder Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 3.2 |
| Percentage of short-stay residents who newly received an antipsychotic medication Short Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents whose ability to walk independently worsened Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 4.6 | 17.4 | 14.1 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with pressure ulcers Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 1.1 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents who received an antipsychotic medication Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 6.9 | 23.5 | 15.4 |
| Percentage of short-stay residents who were rehospitalized after a nursing home admission Short Stay residents, 20250101-20251231 | 26.1 | 26.1 | 23.8 |
| Percentage of short-stay residents who had an outpatient emergency department visit Short Stay residents, 20250101-20251231 | 33.4 | 13.7 | 12.0 |
| Number of hospitalizations per 1000 long-stay resident days Long Stay residents, 20250101-20251231 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
| Number of outpatient emergency department visits per 1000 long-stay resident days Long Stay residents, 20250101-20251231 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
Owners and operators
Legal business name: MEDICALODGES INC. CMS links this home to Medicalodges, Inc., a group of 18 nursing homes averaging 2.7 stars overall.
| Name | Role | Type | Share | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicalodges Inc | 5% or greater direct ownership interest | Organization | 100% | 01/01/1966 |
| Brooks, Misty | W-2 managing employee | Individual | 02/27/2004 | |
| Butler, Richard | Corporate director | Individual | 07/01/2003 | |
| Cox, Garen | Corporate director | Individual | 02/26/1998 | |
| Doll, Gayle | Corporate director | Individual | 03/10/2005 | |
| Hines, Scott | Corporate director | Individual | 03/19/2009 | |
| Marshall, Carol | Corporate director | Individual | 07/27/2006 | |
| Ott, Ron | Corporate director | Individual | 09/15/2006 | |
| Cardenas, Staci | Corporate officer | Individual | 05/28/2013 | |
| Coover, Teresa | Corporate officer | Individual | 09/21/2017 | |
| Hines, Scott | Corporate officer | Individual | 03/20/2009 | |
| Lager, Shannon | Corporate officer | Individual | 06/15/2013 | |
| Lantz, Kathleen | Corporate officer | Individual | 10/22/2007 | |
| McBride, Travis | Corporate officer | Individual | 11/15/2012 | |
| Rohling McCord, Catherine | Corporate officer | Individual | 06/09/2000 | |
| Smith, Pamela | Corporate officer | Individual | 10/09/2009 | |
| Waechter Harmon, Lori | Corporate officer | Individual | 03/31/2018 |
As listed in the CMS ownership file, which names owners with a 5% or greater stake and the people and companies with operational or managerial control.
Questions to ask on a visit
Chosen from this home's own inspection record.
- Can we see a resident room, a shower room and the dining room on this visit?Inspectors cited 4 problems in this area, most recently on September 5, 2025: "Have enough outside ventilation via a window or mechanical ventilation, or both."
- How do residents and families raise a complaint or grievance, and how fast is it answered?Inspectors cited 4 problems in this area, most recently on September 5, 2025: "Allow resident to participate in the development and implementation of his or her person-centered plan of care."
- How do you prevent falls and pressure injuries, and how are families told when one happens?Inspectors cited 3 problems in this area, most recently on September 5, 2025: "Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health."
- Can we see a week of menus and the kitchen, and how are special diets handled?Inspectors cited 2 problems in this area, most recently on March 29, 2024: "Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards."
Other nursing homes nearby
- Butler Rehab and Healthcare Center Butler, 0.5 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 35 citations
- Baptist Homes of Adrian Adrian, 10.1 mi · 4 of 5 stars · 7 citations
- Appleton City Manor Appleton City, 17.3 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 63 citations
Missouri contacts for a concern about a nursing home
These are the official offices in Missouri. NursingHomeClear cannot take or act on complaints.
- Inspections and complaints: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Section for Long-Term Care Regulation, the state agency that inspects nursing homes for CMS and takes complaints about care.
- Resident advocate: Missouri Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program, 800-309-3282. The long-term care ombudsman is a free, confidential advocate for residents and families, set up under the federal Older Americans Act.
- State inspection reports: Show Me Long Term Care in Missouri, where Missouri publishes its own records on licensed homes.
Common questions
- What is Medicalodges Butler's Medicare star rating?
- CMS rates Medicalodges Butler 4 out of 5 stars overall, with 4 for health inspections, 4 for staffing and 3 for quality measures (CMS data as of September 1, 2026).
- How many deficiencies did Medicalodges Butler get at its last inspection?
- 7 health deficiencies at the standard inspection on September 5, 2025. The Missouri average is 11.4.
- Has Medicalodges Butler been fined?
- CMS lists no fines in the last three years.
- Does Medicalodges Butler accept Medicaid?
- It is certified to take Medicaid (CMS lists it as "Medicare and Medicaid"). Certification does not mean a Medicaid bed is open: ask the admissions office.
- Who owns Medicalodges Butler?
- CMS lists 17 owners and managers, and links the home to Medicalodges, Inc.. Legal business name: MEDICALODGES INC.
Sources
- Ratings, staffing and fines: CMS Provider Information, released September 30, 2026, data as of September 1, 2026.
- Citations: CMS Health Deficiencies and Fire Safety Deficiencies.
- Owners: CMS Ownership. Penalties: CMS Penalties.
- Staffing by quarter: CMS Payroll Based Journal Daily Nurse Staffing, April 2025 to March 2026, summed by NursingHomeClear.
- Inspector summaries: CMS Full Statement of Deficiencies (CMS-2567 text), data as of September 1, 2026. Each quote is the part of the statement before the detailed findings.
- Inspection reports with the inspectors' full notes are on this home's Medicare.gov page.
- Something wrong on this page? Ask for a correction. We fix errors in our copy of the data; findings themselves can only be changed by CMS and the state.
- NursingHomeClear is independent and not affiliated with CMS, Medicare or any state agency. This page reports federal records; it does not rate, recommend or endorse any home, and it is not medical or legal advice.