Home / Pennsylvania / Pittsburgh
Concordia at Rp Home
2344 Perrysville Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15214 · Allegheny County · (412) 321-4139
58 certified beds, about 54 residents a day · Non profit - Corporation · Medicare and Medicaid since 1983
CMS abuse icon: cited for abuse in a recent inspection Part of a continuing care retirement community Certified for Medicaid Certified for Medicare
Overall
3 of 5
Health inspections
2 of 5
Staffing
5 of 5
Quality measures
2 of 5
CMS Care Compare ratings, data as of September 1, 2026 · CCN 395561 · See it on Medicare.gov · Compare with other homes
The record in brief
At its most recent standard inspection, on June 18, 2025, inspectors cited 12 health deficiencies (the Pennsylvania average is 10, the national average 9.2).
Of 40 health citations since September 2023, 2 were rated as actual harm or immediate jeopardy to residents.
CMS lists no fines against this home in the last three years.
Nurses and nurse aides worked 3.97 hours per resident per day, against 3.89 across Pennsylvania and 3.86 nationally. Registered nurses accounted for 1.13 of those hours.
36.7% of nursing staff left within the year CMS measured (Pennsylvania average 44.5%).
Health inspections
Federal rules call for a standard inspection at least every 15 months, plus a visit whenever a complaint is filed. Each mark below is one citation, colored by how serious inspectors rated it. How to read a citation.
Under each citation, the quoted text is the inspector's own summary from the federal statement of deficiencies (CMS form 2567), word for word apart from a privacy scrub; CMS removes residents' and staff names before it publishes the text. The full notes are on Medicare.gov.
709/23
103/24
1108/24
111/24
102/25
1206/25
211/25
201/26
103/26
205/26
Potential for minimal harm Potential for more than minimal harm Actual harm Immediate jeopardy Found on a complaint visit
Where its citations fall on CMS's grid
CMS rates every citation by how much harm it caused (rows) and how many residents it touched (columns). The count in each box is this home's, across all 40 health citations on file.
Severity
Isolated
Pattern
Widespread
Immediate jeopardy
0J
0K
0L
Actual harm
2G
0H
0I
Potential for more than minimal harm
35D
1E
1F
Potential for minimal harm
0A
1B
0C
May 5, 2026Complaint inspection · 2 citations
- G Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, facility provided documents and clinical records, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to protect residents from abuse and neglect which resulted in actual harm of a hematoma to right forehead, patella (kneecap) fracture, and ankle sprain for one of three residents (Resident R1). This deficiency is cited as past non-compliance.
- G Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, clinical records and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to make certain each resident received adequate supervision and assistance for wheelchair transport to prevent accidents which resulted in actual harm of a hematoma to right forehead, patella (kneecap) fracture, and ankle sprain for one of three residents (Resident R1). This deficiency is cited as past non-compliance.
March 18, 2026Complaint inspection · 1 citation
- E Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, clinical record review, review of facility documentation, observations, and staff and resident interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to provide Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assistance for three of three residents reviewed (Resident CR1, R2, and R3).
January 22, 2026Complaint inspection · 2 citations
- D Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, clinical records, facility documents and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to ensure residents were assessed, and provided necessary treatment and services, consistent with professional standards of practice, for a pressure ulcer (PU/PIs- injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin) for one of three residents (CRR2).
- D Arrange for the provision of hospice services or assist the resident in transferring to a facility that will arrange for the provision of hospice services.
Inspectors wroteBased on a review of resident clinical records, and staff interview, it was determined the facility failed to ensure the coordination of hospice services (a special model of care for patients who are in the late phase of an incurable illness and wish to receive end-of-life care) with facility services to meet the needs for end of life care for one of two residents (Resident CRR2).
November 24, 2025Complaint inspection · 2 citations
- D Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, facility submitted documents, clinical records and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to make certain each resident was free from neglect by not ensuring adequate supervision and assistance for transfers for one of three residents reviewed (Resident R2).
- D Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility documents, facility policy, clinical records, resident interview, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to make certain each resident received adequate supervision that resulted in an elopement (leaving an area without permission) for one of 55 residents (Resident R1).
June 18, 2025Standard inspection, Complaint inspection · 12 citations
- F Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.
Inspectors wroteBased on a review of facility policies, observations, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to properly monitor food temperatures and failed to properly maintain kitchen equipment in a sanitary condition creating the potential for cross contamination in the main kitchen of the facility.
- D Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of select facility policy, observations and staff interview, it was determined that the facility failed to maintain residents' confidential personal and medical records for one of five residents (Resident R7).
- D Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, facility documents, resident clinical records, resident and staff interviews it was determined that the facility failed to maintain an environment free of neglect and provide necessary goods and services for one of four sampled residents (Resident R26).
- D Provide the required documentation or notification related to the resident's needs, appeal rights, or bed-hold policies.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, resident records and staff interview, it was determined that the facility failed to make certain that the necessary resident information was communicated to the receiving health care provider for one out of two residents sampled with facility-initiated transfers (Resident R34).
- D Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility documents, facility policy, clinical records, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to ensure that a resident's care plan was updated and revised to reflect the resident's specific care needs for one of six residents (Resident R197).
- D Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of clinical records, staff, and resident interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to provide Activity of Daily Living (ADL) assistance for one out of two residents (Resident R34).
- D Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, clinical records, facility documents and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to ensure residents were assessed, and provided necessary treatment and services, consistent with professional standards of practice, for a pressure ulcer (PU/PIs- injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin) for one of five residents (Resident R147).
- D Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.
Inspectors wroteBased on review facility polices, observations, clinical records, and staff and resident interviews it was determined that the facility failed to make certain that appropriate treatments and services were provided for the use of a colostomy as required for one of three residents (Resident R20).
- D Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, clinical records, observations and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to provide appropriate respiratory care and maintain oxygen equipment for one of three sampled residents (Resident R17).
- D Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, resident records, medication incident reports, and staff interview, it was determined that the facility failed to implement pharmaceutical services to ensure availability and administration of prescribed medications for one of three sampled resident records (Closed Resident Record CR145).
- D Ensure a licensed pharmacist perform a monthly drug regimen review, including the medical chart, following irregularity reporting guidelines in developed policies and procedures.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, clinical records and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to provide documentation of medication regimen reviews (MRR) were completed at least monthly for two of three sampled resident records (Resident R4 and R20).
- D Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, observations, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to properly store medications for one of four residents (Resident R34).
February 27, 2025Complaint inspection · 1 citation
- D Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, facility documentation, clinical record review, and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to protect residents from neglect for one of three residents reviewed (Resident R1).
November 22, 2024Complaint inspection · 1 citation
- D Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, resident clinical record, facility provided documents, resident and staff interviews, it was determined the facility failed to ensure resident safety and prevent an elopement (a situation in which a resident leaves the premises or a safe area without the facility's knowledge) and failed to complete a thorough investigation after an incident for one of seven sampled residents (Resident R1).
August 14, 2024Standard inspection · 11 citations
- D Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of clinical records and staff interview, it was determined that the facility failed to document notification of changes in one of three residents reviewed (Resident R36).
- D Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, observations and staff interviews it was determined that the facility failed to provide a clean, safe, comfortable, and homelike environment for one of five resident rooms (Resident R55).
- D Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, clinical records, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to develop and implement comprehensive care plans to meet care needs for two of four residents (Resident R9 and R15).
- D Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, resident clinical records, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to accurately monitor and provide comprehensive assessments of a pressure area for one of three resident (Resident R17).
- D Provide safe and appropriate respiratory care for a resident when needed.
Inspectors wroteBased on facility policy review, observations, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to maintain sanitary conditions of respiratory equipment for one of three residents(Resident R49).
- D Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of resident clinical records, facility policy and staff interview, it was determined the facility failed to provide consistent and complete communication with the dialysis (treatment that helps body remove extra fluid and waste products) center for one of one resident receiving hemodialysis (Resident R15).
- D Ensure that nurses and nurse aides have the appropriate competencies to care for every resident in a way that maximizes each resident's well being.
Inspectors wroteBased on manufacturer's instructions, clinical record review, and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to ensure that nursing staff have the specific competencies and skill sets necessary to provide care for a resident with a Free Style Libre 3 system (a new way for people with diabetes to check their sugar levels, without a finger stick test, using a sensor that can read changes in the liquid just underneath the skin) for two of two residents (Resident R9 and R15)
- D Observe each nurse aide's job performance and give regular training.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, personnel records and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to complete annual performance evaluations for two of five nurse aide personnel records (Nurse aide Employee E8 and Nurse aide Employee E9).
- D Provide the appropriate treatment and services to a resident who displays or is diagnosed with mental disorder or psychosocial adjustment difficulty, or who has a history of trauma and/or post-traumatic stress disorder.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of clinical records, and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to make certain residents receive appropriate treatment and services for highest practicable mental and psychosocial services for one of three residents (Resident R28).
- D Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, observations, and staff interviews it was determined that the facility failed to properly store medical supplies and biologicals in one of one medication rooms (third floor medication room) and one of three medication carts (yellow medication cart), properly secure medications in one of three medication carts (green hall medication cart) and failed to date open medications.
- D Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy, observations, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to implement infection control practices to prevent cross contamination during a dressing change for one of three residents (Resident R17) and failed to implement infection control practices during administration of eye drops on one of three residents. (Resident R261)
March 9, 2024Complaint inspection · 1 citation
- D Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.
Inspectors wroteBased on facility policy and procedure review, clinical record review and staff interview it was determined the facility failed to provide care and service for pressure ulcers for one of three residents reviewed. (Resident 1)
September 29, 2023Standard inspection · 7 citations
- D Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of resident council minutes and interviews with residents and staff the facility failed to offer residents the opportunity to vote for five of thirteen residents.
- D Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of clinical records and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to develop comprehensive care plans for one of twelve residents reviewed (Resident R33).
- D Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality.
Inspectors wroteBased on facility policy, clinical record review, job description review, observation, and staff interview, it was determined the facility failed to provide care and services to meet the accepted standards of practice for one of four residents (Resident R100). Review of the facility Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) job description indicated that it is the responsibility of the LPN to provide care, based on physical, psycho/social, safety, and related criteria, appropriate to the residents served in his/her assigned area. It was indicated the LPN must maintain a current knowledge of federal, state, and other regulations applicable to job. Review of Resident R100's Minimum Data Set (MDS-periodic review of care needs) dated 9/20/23, indicated the resident was admitted on [DATE]. [...]
- D Assist a resident in gaining access to vision and hearing services.
Inspectors wroteBased on a review of facility documents, clinical record review and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to provide hearing assistive devices, treatment and services to one of two residents reviewed (Resident R33).
- D Ensure medication error rates are not 5 percent or greater.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policy and clinical record, observation and staff interviews it was determined that the facility failed to administer medications with a medication error rate that was less than five percent for two of four residents (Resident R20).
- D Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility policies, observations, and staff interviews, it was determined that the facility failed to maintain and implement updated COVID-19 polices based on national standards and perform hand hygiene for one of four residents (Resident R49).
- B Give residents notice of Medicaid/Medicare coverage and potential liability for services not covered.
Inspectors wroteBased on review of facility documentation and staff interview it was determined that the facility failed to provide Skilled Nursing Facility Advanced Beneficiary Form (SNF ABN CMS 10055) for one of three residents reviewed (Resident CR203) 48 hours before services ended.
Fines and payment denials
CMS lists no fines or payment denials against this home in the last three years. The national average is 0.9 fines per home.
Staffing
Hours of care per resident per day, from the payroll records every home sends CMS. Higher means more staff time with each resident.
| Measure | This home | Pennsylvania | United States |
|---|---|---|---|
| All nursing staff (RN, LPN and aides) | 3.97 | 3.89 | 3.86 |
| Registered nurses | 1.13 | 0.79 | 0.69 |
| All nursing staff on weekends | 3.67 | 3.53 | 3.42 |
| Nurse aides | 2.32 | ||
| Licensed practical nurses | 0.53 | ||
| Nursing staff turnover (share who left in a year) | 36.7% | 44.5% | 45.8% |
| Registered nurse turnover | 33.3% | 39.9% | 42.9% |
| Administrators who left | 0 |
CMS expects 3.46 hours a day for residents as sick as this home's (its case-mix figure). The staffing star compares the two.
Staffing by quarter, from daily payroll records
Every nursing home sends CMS its staff hours for each day (the Payroll Based Journal). Here they are added up by quarter. The latest quarter is the one behind the figures above. In January to March 2026, nursing staff hours per resident were 4.10 on weekdays and 3.67 on weekends, 10% lower on weekends (nationally, weekends ran 15% lower). Contract or agency staff worked 6.6% of nursing hours, against 5.3% nationally. Total nursing hours per resident went from 3.92 in April to June 2025 to 3.97 in January to March 2026.
| Quarter | All nursing staff | Registered nurses | Weekdays | Weekends | Contract staff share | Days with no RN hours | Residents a day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan to Mar 2026 | 3.97 | 1.13 | 4.10 | 3.67 | 6.6% | 0 of 90 | 54 |
| Oct to Dec 2025 | 4.05 | 1.22 | 4.11 | 3.88 | 7.0% | 0 of 92 | 54 |
| Jul to Sep 2025 | 3.86 | 1.06 | 3.95 | 3.65 | 12.1% | 0 of 92 | 55 |
| Apr to Jun 2025 | 3.92 | 1.02 | 3.96 | 3.82 | 8.9% | 0 of 91 | 51 |
| United States, Jan to Mar 2026 | 3.75 | 0.62 | 3.92 | 3.33 | 5.3% | 0.5% of days | |
| Pennsylvania, Jan to Mar 2026 | 3.69 | 0.65 | 3.82 | 3.34 | 11.3% | 0.1% of days |
Hours per resident per day: staff hours in the quarter divided by resident days (the daily census CMS derives from resident assessments). Registered nurses include the director of nursing and RNs with administrative duties; aides include nurse aides in training and medication aides, as in CMS's own staffing measure. How these are calculated.
Quality measures
The measures CMS uses for the quality star. Lower is better for every one of them.
| Measure | This home | Pennsylvania | US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of long-stay residents whose need for help with daily activities has increased Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 21.5 | 16.8 | 13.9 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with a catheter inserted and left in their bladder Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with a urinary tract infection Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents experiencing one or more falls with major injury Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| Percentage of short-stay residents who newly received an antipsychotic medication Short Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents whose ability to walk independently worsened Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 33.3 | 17.0 | 14.1 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents with pressure ulcers Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.6 |
| Percentage of long-stay residents who received an antipsychotic medication Long Stay residents, 2025Q2-2026Q1 | 22.2 | 17.7 | 15.4 |
Owners and operators
Legal business name: REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN WOMAN'S ASSOCIATION.
| Name | Role | Type | Share | Since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meneely, Lorrie | W-2 managing employee | Individual | 01/10/2011 | |
| Meneely, Lorrie | Corporate officer | Individual | 01/10/2011 | |
| Todhunter, Cara | Corporate officer | Individual | 11/10/2017 |
As listed in the CMS ownership file, which names owners with a 5% or greater stake and the people and companies with operational or managerial control.
Questions to ask on a visit
Chosen from this home's own inspection record.
- How do you prevent falls and pressure injuries, and how are families told when one happens?Inspectors cited 15 problems in this area, most recently on May 5, 2026: "Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents."
- How do residents and families raise a complaint or grievance, and how fast is it answered?Inspectors cited 6 problems in this area, most recently on June 18, 2025: "Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential."
- How are medications reviewed, and how often are antipsychotic or sedating drugs used?Inspectors cited 5 problems in this area, most recently on June 18, 2025: "Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist."
- How are allegations of abuse or neglect reported and investigated, and who tells the family?Inspectors cited 4 problems in this area, most recently on May 5, 2026: "Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody."
Other nursing homes nearby
- Spring Hill Rehabilitation and Nursing Center Pittsburgh, 0.8 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 146 citations
- Little Sisters of the Poor Pittsburgh, 1.9 mi · 2 of 5 stars · 46 citations
- Canterbury Place Pittsburgh, 2.7 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 52 citations
- Upmc Magee-Womens Hospital Tcu Pittsburgh, 3.3 mi · 5 of 5 stars · 10 citations
- Ivy Park Post Acute Pittsburgh, 4.3 mi · 2 of 5 stars · 95 citations
- East End Health & Rehab Center Pittsburgh, 4.7 mi · 3 of 5 stars · 33 citations
- Squirrel Hill Wellness and Rehabilitation Center Pittsburgh, 4.9 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 108 citations
- Heritage Care Center Pittsburgh, 5.1 mi · 1 of 5 stars · 114 citations
Pennsylvania contacts for a concern about a nursing home
These are the official offices in Pennsylvania. NursingHomeClear cannot take or act on complaints.
- Inspections and complaints: Pennsylvania Department of Health, Division of Nursing Care Facilities, the state agency that inspects nursing homes for CMS and takes complaints about care.
- Resident advocate: Pennsylvania Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program, Department of Aging, 717-783-8975. The long-term care ombudsman is a free, confidential advocate for residents and families, set up under the federal Older Americans Act.
- State inspection reports: Pennsylvania Department of Health Nursing Care Facility Locator, where Pennsylvania publishes its own records on licensed homes.
Common questions
- What is Concordia at Rp Home's Medicare star rating?
- CMS rates Concordia at Rp Home 3 out of 5 stars overall, with 2 for health inspections, 5 for staffing and 2 for quality measures (CMS data as of September 1, 2026).
- How many deficiencies did Concordia at Rp Home get at its last inspection?
- 12 health deficiencies at the standard inspection on June 18, 2025. The Pennsylvania average is 10.
- Has Concordia at Rp Home been fined?
- CMS lists no fines in the last three years.
- Does Concordia at Rp Home accept Medicaid?
- It is certified to take Medicaid (CMS lists it as "Medicare and Medicaid"). Certification does not mean a Medicaid bed is open: ask the admissions office.
- Who owns Concordia at Rp Home?
- CMS lists 3 owners and managers. Legal business name: REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN WOMAN'S ASSOCIATION.
Sources
- Ratings, staffing and fines: CMS Provider Information, released September 30, 2026, data as of September 1, 2026.
- Citations: CMS Health Deficiencies and Fire Safety Deficiencies.
- Owners: CMS Ownership. Penalties: CMS Penalties.
- Staffing by quarter: CMS Payroll Based Journal Daily Nurse Staffing, April 2025 to March 2026, summed by NursingHomeClear.
- Inspector summaries: CMS Full Statement of Deficiencies (CMS-2567 text), data as of September 1, 2026. Each quote is the part of the statement before the detailed findings.
- Inspection reports with the inspectors' full notes are on this home's Medicare.gov page.
- Something wrong on this page? Ask for a correction. We fix errors in our copy of the data; findings themselves can only be changed by CMS and the state.
- NursingHomeClear is independent and not affiliated with CMS, Medicare or any state agency. This page reports federal records; it does not rate, recommend or endorse any home, and it is not medical or legal advice.